Are MRIs and X-rays Essential for Diagnosing Back Pain?
Back pain is the most common complaint I see every day, affecting up to 80% of the population at some point in their lives. However, contrary to what many might assume, the vast majority of back pain cases—between 90-95%—are non-specific and do not stem from serious underlying conditions. This insight has significant implications for how back pain should be managed, particularly in terms of medical imaging.
Understanding the Low Utility of Imaging for Back Pain
Medical imaging, such as X-rays and MRIs, is often seen as a first step towards diagnosing and understanding back pain. Yet, research and clinical guidelines suggest a different approach. As noted by Hall et al. (2021), less than 10% of low back pain cases require imaging due to specific underlying conditions. For the other 90-95% of cases, imaging may not only be unnecessary but could also potentially delay recovery and lead to further unnecessary medical procedures.
The Pitfalls of Routine Imaging
Routine imaging for low back pain is becoming increasingly questioned. Diagnostic triage based on a patient's clinical history and physical examination is often sufficient to distinguish between non-specific back pain and conditions that might require further investigation. Studies have shown that indiscriminate use of imaging does not improve clinical outcomes; rather, it increases the risk of prolonged pain, unnecessary anxiety, and higher medical costs.
Managing Back Pain Effectively
For most back pain sufferers, the recommended approach is conservative management. This includes physical therapy, exercise, chiropractic adjustments, and cognitive-behavioral therapy. Educating patients about the nature of their pain and the expected course of recovery can often alleviate worries about serious underlying conditions and reduce the demand for imaging.
The Role of Patient Education
A significant part of managing back pain effectively involves patient education. Many patients fear that their back pain is symptomatic of a serious illness, which can lead to a demand for imaging studies. However, reassurance and guidance from healthcare providers can help patients understand that their pain, while uncomfortable, is likely not due to a serious problem. This reassurance, combined with a plan for physical rehabilitation and pain management, can be more beneficial than any scan.
As healthcare moves forward, it's clear that "less is more" could be the best approach for managing non-specific low back pain. By reducing reliance on imaging, we can not only save costs and reduce exposure to unnecessary radiation but also encourage quicker, more effective recovery paths for patients suffering from this pervasive issue. The key lies in education, reassurance, and the efficient use of medical resources to ensure that only those who truly need imaging receive it, thereby optimizing care for all back pain sufferers.
Soruce: Hall, A. M., Aubrey-Bassler, K., Thorne, B., & Maher, C. G. (2021). Do not routinely offer imaging for uncomplicated low back pain. BMJ, 372(n291). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n291
Disclaimer
As always consult with your healthcare provider before trying any new treatment, therapeutic device or massagers of any kind.
Stian Engum
Physiotherapist and SME
(Subject Matter Expert)